Cấu trúc By the time: Công thức, cách dùng và bài tập có đáp án

Cấu trúc By the time trong tiếng Anh

By the time + thì quá khứ đơn, thì quá khứ hoàn thành

• Cấu trúc: By the time + S + V (quá khứ đơn), S + V (quá khứ hoàn thành).
• Ví dụ:
  • By the time I arrived at the party, they had already left. (Khi tôi đến bữa tiệc, họ đã rời đi rồi.)
  • By the time she called me, I had finished my homework. (Khi cô ấy gọi cho tôi, tôi đã làm xong bài tập về nhà.)

By the time + thì hiện tại đơn, thì tương lai hoàn thành

• Cấu trúc: By the time + S + V (hiện tại đơn), S + will have + V3 (quá khứ phân từ).
• Ví dụ:
  • By the time you wake up, I will have left for work. (Khi bạn thức dậy, tôi sẽ đi làm mất rồi.)
  • By the time she finishes her studies, she will have lived in the UK for 5 years. (Khi cô ấy học xong, cô ấy sẽ sống ở Anh được 5 năm.)
• Lưu ý: Trong mệnh đề bắt đầu bằng By the time, chúng ta không dùng thì tương lai đơn (will + V) mà phải dùng thì hiện tại đơn dù nó diễn tả tương lai.

By the time + thì hiện tại đơn, thì hiện tại hoàn thành

• Cấu trúc: By the time + S + V (hiện tại đơn), S + have/has + V3 (quá khứ phân từ).
• Ví dụ:
  • By the time you finish your lunch, I have already left. (Khi bạn ăn xong, tôi đã đi rồi.)

Phân biệt By the time và When

• Nếu bạn muốn nhấn mạnh rằng một hành động đã hoàn thành trước thời điểm khác → dùng By the time.
• Nếu chỉ đơn giản nói về thời điểm một hành động xảy ra → dùng When.

Một số lỗi thường gặp khi dùng By the time

• Sai: By the time he will arrive, we will have eaten.
• Đúng: By the time he arrives, we will have eaten.

• Sai: By the time I finished my homework, my mom came home.
• Đúng: By the time I finished my homework, my mom had come home.

Bài tập By the time có đáp án

Bài tập By the time số 1

1. By the time we ______ (arrive) at the station, the train ______ (leave).
2. By the time she ______ (finish) her homework, her mom ______ (come) home.
3. By the time you ______ (wake up) tomorrow, I ______ (leave) for work.
4. By the time he ______ (get) home, his wife ______ (already/cook) dinner.
5. By the time they ______ (complete) the project, their boss ______ (retire).
6. By the time I ______ (see) her again, she ______ (change) a lot.
7. By the time we ______ (reach) the top of the mountain, it ______ (be) dark.
8. By the time you ______ (call) me, I ______ (already/go) out.
9. By the time the movie ______ (start), we ______ (buy) some popcorn.
10. By the time she ______ (graduate), she ______ (study) abroad for five years.

1. arrived – had left
2. finished – had come
3. wake up – will have left
4. got – had already cooked
5. complete – will have retired
6. see – will have changed
7. reach – will be
8. call – had already gone
9. starts – will have bought
10. graduates – will have studied

Bài tập By the time số 2

1. By the time I got home, my mom ______ dinner.
   1. A. had cooked
   2. B. cooked
   3. C. was cooking
   4. D. has cooked
2. By the time we ______ at the airport, the flight had already departed.
   1. A. arrive
   2. B. arrived
   3. C. arriving
   4. D. have arrived
3. By the time she arrives, we ______ our meal.
   1. A. finish
   2. B. will finish
   3. C. will have finished
   4. D. have finished
4. By the time the teacher came, the students ______ their homework.
   1. A. have done
   2. B. had done
   3. C. did
   4. D. are doing
5. By the time the show starts, we ______ for an hour.
   1. A. will have waited
   2. B. have waited
   3. C. wait
   4. D. will wait
6. By the time he called, I ______ already left.
   1. A. have
   2. B. has
   3. C. had
   4. D. will have
7. By the time they arrived, the party ______ over.
   1. A. is
   2. B. was
   3. C. had been
   4. D. has been
8. By the time she gets home, her mother ______ dinner.
   1. A. has cooked
   2. B. will have cooked
   3. C. had cooked
   4. D. was cooking
9. By the time we ______ to the theater, the movie had started.
   1. A. get
   2. B. gets
   3. C. got
   4. D. getting
10. By the time the sun rises, we ______ 10 miles.
    1. A. will walk
    2. B. will have walked
    3. C. walked
    4. D. have walked

1. A. had cooked
2. B. arrived
3. C. will have finished
4. B. had done
5. A. will have waited
6. C. had
7. C. had been
8. B. will have cooked
9. C. got
10. B. will have walked

Bài tập By the time số 3

1. He finished his homework. His mother came home.

1. → By the time _____________________________.

2. We got to the cinema. The movie had already started.

1. → By the time _____________________________.

3. They completed the project. The deadline had passed.

1. → By the time _____________________________.

4. She packed her suitcase. The taxi arrived.

1. → By the time _____________________________.

5. I woke up. My father had already left for work.

1. → By the time _____________________________.

6. The teacher entered the classroom. The students had already sat down.

1. → By the time _____________________________.

7. He reached the top of the mountain. The sun had set.

1. → By the time _____________________________.

8. The train arrived at the station. It had rained heavily.

1. → By the time _____________________________.

9. They finished cooking. The guests arrived.

1. → By the time _____________________________.

10. We got to the restaurant. All the tables had been taken.

1. By the time he finished his homework, his mother had come home.
2. By the time we got to the cinema, the movie had already started.
3. By the time they completed the project, the deadline had passed.
4. By the time she packed her suitcase, the taxi had arrived.
5. By the time I woke up, my father had already left for work.
6. By the time the teacher entered the classroom, the students had already sat down.
7. By the time he reached the top of the mountain, the sun had set.
8. By the time the train arrived at the station, it had rained heavily.
9. By the time they finished cooking, the guests had arrived.
10. By the time we got to the restaurant, all the tables had been taken.