Lý thuyết & 100+ bài tập tính từ cơ bản đến nâng cao có đáp án

Tổng hợp lý thuyết về tính từ

Phân loại tính từ

Theo vai trò

• Tính từ miêu tả (Descriptive Adjective): Diễn tả tính chất, đặc điểm của danh từ.
  • Ví dụ: beautiful (đẹp), tall (cao), happy (vui vẻ).
• Tính từ chỉ số lượng (Quantitative Adjective): Chỉ số lượng hoặc mức độ.
  • Ví dụ: many (nhiều), few (ít), much (nhiều).
• Tính từ chỉ định (Demonstrative Adjective): Chỉ định danh từ cụ thể.
  • Ví dụ: this (này), that (kia), these (những này), those (những kia).
• Tính từ sở hữu (Possessive Adjective): Chỉ sự sở hữu.
  • Ví dụ: my (của tôi), your (của bạn), his (của anh ấy).
• Tính từ nghi vấn (Interrogative Adjective): Dùng để đặt câu hỏi.
  • Ví dụ: which (cái nào), what (cái gì), whose (của ai).
• Tính từ chỉ cảm xúc (Emotive Adjective): Diễn tả cảm xúc.
  • Ví dụ: happy (vui), angry (tức giận).

Theo cấu trúc

• Tính từ đơn (Simple Adjective): Một từ duy nhất.
  • Ví dụ: kind, short, big.
• Tính từ ghép (Compound Adjective): Kết hợp hai từ trở lên.
  • Ví dụ: well-known (nổi tiếng), hard-working (chăm chỉ).

Vị trí của tính từ trong câu

• Trước danh từ (Attributive Adjective): Tính từ đứng trước danh từ để bổ nghĩa.
  • Ví dụ: a beautiful flower (một bông hoa đẹp).
• Sau động từ liên kết (Predicative Adjective): Tính từ đứng sau động từ liên kết (linking verb) như be, become, seem, look, feel, taste.
  • Ví dụ: The flower is beautiful. (Bông hoa thì đẹp.)

Các tính từ đặc biệt

• Tính từ không so sánh được: Ví dụ: perfect (hoàn hảo), unique (độc nhất).
• Tính từ luôn đi theo cặp: Ví dụ: afraid of, interested in, proud of.

Cấp so sánh của tính từ

So sánh bằng (Positive Degree)

• Cấu trúc: as + adjective + as
  • Ví dụ: She is as tall as her brother. (Cô ấy cao bằng anh trai cô ấy.)

So sánh hơn (Comparative Degree)

• Thêm -er với tính từ ngắn hoặc dùng more trước tính từ dài.
  • Ví dụ: taller (cao hơn), more beautiful (đẹp hơn).

So sánh nhất (Superlative Degree)

• Thêm -est với tính từ ngắn hoặc dùng the most trước tính từ dài.
  • Ví dụ: tallest (cao nhất), the most beautiful (đẹp nhất).

Quy tắc bổ sung

Trật tự tính từ

• Opinion (quan điểm): lovely, nice.
• Size (kích cỡ): big, small.
• Age (tuổi): old, young.
• Shape (hình dạng): round, square.
• Color (màu sắc): red, blue.
• Origin (nguồn gốc): Vietnamese, American.
• Material (chất liệu): wooden, plastic.
• Purpose (mục đích): sleeping (dùng để ngủ), writing (dùng để viết).
• Ví dụ: a lovely small old round red Vietnamese wooden sleeping chair.

Tính từ ghép (Compound Adjective)

• Quy tắc: number + singular noun + adjective
  • Ví dụ: a two-hour meeting (cuộc họp hai giờ).

Lưu ý khi sử dụng tính từ

• Không dùng tính từ sở hữu (my, your…) chung với mạo từ a/an/the:
  • Sai: a my book.
  • Đúng: my book hoặc a book.
• Tính từ không thay đổi hình thức dù danh từ là số ít hay số nhiều:
  • Ví dụ: a happy child, happy children.

Tổng hợp các bài tập tính từ cơ bản đến nâng cao có đáp án

Bài tập tính từ miêu tả

1. The flower is _______ (beautiful/colorful).
2. She has a _______ (long/short) hair style.
3. This road is very _______ (narrow/wide).
4. My dog is _______ (friendly/angry) to everyone.
5. The weather today is _______ (sunny/cloudy).
6. He bought a _______ (expensive/cheap) watch yesterday.
7. The house is _______ (big/small), but the garden is bigger.
8. His room is always _______ (messy/tidy).
9. This dish tastes _______ (delicious/spicy).
10. The lake is so _______ (calm/stormy) this morning.

1. beautiful
2. long
3. narrow
4. friendly
5. sunny
6. cheap
7. big
8. messy
9. delicious
10. calm

Bài tập tính từ chỉ số lượng

1. She has _______ (many/a few) friends in the city.
2. There is _______ (some/any) sugar in the jar.
3. I have _______ (a little/much) money left after shopping.
4. There are _______ (several/a lot of) options to choose from.
5. _______ (Few/All) students completed the assignment on time.
6. He ate _______ (many/several) apples yesterday.
7. I don’t have _______ (any/much) information about the event.
8. We need _______ (a few/many) chairs for the meeting.
9. She spent _______ (all/some) her savings on the new car.
10. Do you have _______ (any/much) water in the bottle?

1. many
2. some
3. a little
4. several
5. Few
6. many
7. much
8. a few
9. all
10. any

Bài tập tính từ chỉ định

1. _______ (This/These) book is mine.
2. _______ (That/Those) houses are very modern.
3. I like _______ (this/these) flowers in the garden.
4. _______ (Those/That) mountains look beautiful from here.
5. Is _______ (this/that) your pen on the table?
6. _______ (These/Those) are my favorite shoes.
7. _______ (This/These) cake is very delicious.
8. _______ (That/Those) car belongs to my uncle.
9. I prefer _______ (these/this) clothes for summer.
10. _______ (This/These) street is always crowded.

1. This
2. Those
3. these
4. Those
5. this
6. These
7. This
8. That
9. these
10. This

Bài tập tính từ sở hữu

1. I forgot _______ (my/your) notebook at home.
2. This is _______ (his/her) car parked outside.
3. They invited us to _______ (their/our) party next weekend.
4. Is this _______ (her/his) phone on the desk?
5. We should take care of _______ (our/their) environment.
6. He showed me _______ (my/his) new house yesterday.
7. She loves spending time with _______ (her/their) family.
8. I lost _______ (my/your) keys while jogging this morning.
9. The dog is wagging _______ (its/their) tail happily.
10. Have you seen _______ (your/our) book anywhere?

1. my
2. his
3. their
4. her
5. our
6. his
7. her
8. my
9. its
10. your

Bài tập tính từ nghi vấn

1. _______ (Which/What) book do you want to read next?
2. _______ (Whose/What) umbrella is lying on the chair?
3. _______ (What/Which) movie did you watch last night?
4. _______ (Which/Whose) bag is this near the door?
5. _______ (What/Which) color do you prefer for the walls?
6. _______ (Whose/What) phone keeps ringing?
7. _______ (Which/What) shirt should I wear to the party?
8. _______ (What/Which) time is the meeting scheduled for?
9. _______ (Whose/What) house is that on the corner?
10. _______ (Which/What) subject is your favorite in school?

1. Which
2. Whose
3. What
4. Whose
5. Which
6. Whose
7. Which
8. What
9. Whose
10. What

Bài tập tính từ cảm xúc

1. She feels _______ (happy/sad) about her exam results.
2. The students are _______ (excited/nervous) about the upcoming trip.
3. He looks _______ (angry/calm) after hearing the news.
4. They were _______ (shocked/joyful) by the surprise party.
5. I feel _______ (tired/energetic) after a long day.
6. She was _______ (proud/embarrassed) of her achievement.
7. The audience was _______ (bored/amused) by the comedian’s jokes.
8. The children were _______ (frightened/curious) by the strange sound.
9. He seemed _______ (relieved/anxious) after completing his task.
10. The fans were _______ (disappointed/excited) when their team lost the match.

1. happy
2. excited
3. calm
4. shocked
5. tired
6. proud
7. amused
8. frightened
9. relieved
10. disappointed

Bài tập tính từ dạng so sánh hơn

1. This room is _______ (clean) than that one.
2. She is _______ (beautiful) than her classmates.
3. The movie was _______ (interesting) than I thought.
4. My car is _______ (fast) than yours.
5. He feels _______ (happy) than yesterday.
6. This box is _______ (heavy) than the last one.
7. The weather today is _______ (cold) than it was yesterday.
8. This street is _______ (wide) than that one.
9. She is _______ (hard-working) than her colleagues.
10. The test was _______ (easy) than the previous one.

1. cleaner
2. more beautiful
3. more interesting
4. faster
5. happier
6. heavier
7. colder
8. wider
9. more hard-working
10. easier

Bài tập tính từ dạng so sánh nhất

1. This is the _______ (beautiful) place I have ever visited.
2. He is the _______ (intelligent) student in the class.
3. This movie is the _______ (exciting) one I’ve seen this year.
4. Mount Everest is the _______ (high) mountain in the world.
5. She is the _______ (talented) singer in the competition.
6. This is the _______ (delicious) cake I have ever tasted.
7. The blue whale is the _______ (large) animal on Earth.
8. He is the _______ (funny) person in our group.
9. That was the _______ (bad) day of my life.
10. This is the _______ (hot) summer we’ve ever had.

1. most beautiful
2. most intelligent
3. most exciting
4. highest
5. most talented
6. most delicious
7. largest
8. funniest
9. worst
10. hottest

Bài tập tính từ dạng so sánh kép

1. The _______ (fast) you drive, the _______ (dangerous) it becomes.
2. The _______ (hard) you work, the _______ (successful) you will be.
3. The _______ (high) the mountain, the _______ (cold) it gets.
4. The _______ (early) you start, the _______ (much) you can achieve.
5. The _______ (big) the problem, the _______ (difficult) the solution.
6. The _______ (more) you practice, the _______ (better) you become.
7. The _______ (long) we wait, the _______ (angry) he gets.
8. The _______ (cheap) the product, the _______ (low) the quality.
9. The _______ (more) you read, the _______ (knowledgeable) you are.
10. The _______ (strong) the storm, the _______ (heavy) the rain.

1. faster, more dangerous
2. harder, more successful
3. higher, colder
4. earlier, more
5. bigger, more difficult
6. more, better
7. longer, angrier
8. cheaper, lower
9. more, more knowledgeable
10. stronger, heavier

Bài tập tính từ tổng hợp

1. She is _______ (tall) as her brother.
2. This house is _______ (big) than the one next to it.
3. That was the _______ (bad) performance in the competition.
4. The _______ (more) you study, the _______ (good) your results will be.
5. This test is not _______ (easy) as the previous one.
6. The _______ (early) you come, the _______ (happy) she will be.
7. My dog is _______ (loyal) than any other dog.
8. This is the _______ (exciting) trip I’ve ever been on.
9. He drives _______ (careful) than his brother.
10. The _______ (less) you complain, the _______ (peaceful) your life becomes.

1. as tall
2. bigger
3. worst
4. more, better
5. as easy
6. earlier, happier
7. more loyal
8. most exciting
9. more carefully
10. less, more peaceful